Behavior Acquisition Flashcards Behavior Acquisition Flashcards Welcome to your Behavior Acquisition Flashcards Define positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement Adding something to the environment that increases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future Define negative reinforcement Negative reinforcement Removing something from the environment that increases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future Define positive punishment Positive punishment Adding something to the environment that decreases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future Define negative punishment Negative punishment Removing something from the environment that decreases the probability of a behavior occurring in the future Define unconditioned reinforcement Unconditioned reinforcement A stimulus is valuable without it being learned (e.g. food) Define conditioned reinforcement Conditioned reinforcement A stimulus one has learned is valuable (e.g. token) Define continuous reinforcement Continuous reinforcement reinforcing every instance of a behavior Define intermittent reinforcement intermittent reinforcement Reinforcing behaviors only sometimes Define fixed-ratio schedule (FR) Fixed-ratio schedule (FR) Reinforcing a specific number of responses across different trials Define fixed-interval schedule (FI) Fixed-interval schedule (FI) Reinforcing a behavior that occurs for a specific amount of time across different trails Define variable-ratio schedule (VR) Variable-ratio schedule (VR) Reinforcement is delivered unpredictably based on an average number of responses Define variable-interval schedule (VI) Variable-interval schedule (VI) Reinforcement is delivered based on the average amount of time a behavior occurs Define Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) A structured method of instruction in which learning opportunities are contrived and tangible reinforcers are used Define Natural Environment Training (NET) Natural Environment Training (NET) A method of instruction in which learning opportunities are embedded in the learner's every day environment Define Chaining Chaining Breaking down a complex skill (e.g. hand washing) into consecutive steps and reinforcing the completion of those steps Define forward chaining Forward chaining A teaching method in which steps are taught from the beginning of the task to the end, and prompts are systematically faded in that order Define backward chaining Backward chaining A teaching method in which steps are taught from the end of the task to the beginning and prompts are systematically faded in that order Define total task chaining Total Task Chaining A teaching method in which steps are taught where ever assistance is needed throughout the entire task Define discrimination training Discrimination training Teaching individuals to tell things apart from one another define response prompting Response prompting Verbal or physical cues that influence the behavior of interest directly Define stimulus prompting Stimulus prompting Changes made to the environment that make stimuli more or less prevalent Define least to most prompting Least to most prompting Prompting that starts with independence and progressively provides them with more help for a particular behavior Define most to least prompting Most to least prompting Prompting that starts with the most amount of help and progressively gets closer to independence Define generalization Generalization When behaviors can occur across people, settings, and situations Define maintenance Maintenance When a skill is mastered and occasionally is tested to ensure it can still be performed Define shaping Shaping Reinforcing smaller approximations of a behavior Define token economy Token Economy A system in which tokens are conditioned as reinforcers with the use of secondary reinforcers and provided to an individual for exhibiting target behaviors Define functions of behavior Functions of behavior Access to tangibles, attention, escape, and automatic (sensory) Define discriminative stimuli (SD) Discriminative stimuli (SD) A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement Define motivating operations Motivating operations Variables in the environment that alter both the value and behavioral effects of a behavior Define antecedent Antecedent What happens directly before a behavior occurs Define behavior Behavior What an organism does Define consequence Consequence What happens directly after a behavior occurs Time's upTime is Up!
